Bacterial proteome microarrays are high-throughput, adaptable tools that allow the simultaneous investigation of thousands of proteins from various bacterial species. These arrays are used to explore bacterial pathogenicity, pathogen-host interactions, and clinical diseases. Recent advancements have expanded their application to profiling human antibodies, identifying biomarkers for infectious and autoimmune diseases, and studying antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This review highlights significant outcomes from recent studies, focusing on their diverse applications in biomedical research. Notable findings include the identification of novel antigens and diagnostic markers for gastrointestinal infections, autoimmune diseases, and mental health disorders. This technology promises to further elucidate the complex relationship between bacteria and their hosts, ultimately informing the development of new diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies.
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