Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide and is associated with various metabolic and physiological dysfunctions, directly impacting the dynamics of the immune response, partly due to elevated leptin levels. Leptin is an important peptide hormone that regulates neuroendocrine function and energy homeostasis, with its blood levels reflecting energy reserves, fat mass, or energy deprivation. This hormone also plays a fundamental role in regulating immune function, including the activity of NK cells, which are essential components in antiviral and antitumor activity. In obese individuals, leptin resistance is commonly established, however, NK cells and other immune components remain responsive to this hormone. So far, leptin has demonstrated paradoxical activities of these cells, often associated with a dysfunctional profile when associated with obesity. The excessive fat is usually related to metabolic remodeling in NK cells, resulting in compromised antitumor responses due to reduced cytotoxic capacity and decreased expression of cytokines important for these defense mechanisms, such as IFN-γ. Therefore, this review approaches a better understanding of the immunoendocrine interactions between leptin and NK cells in the context of obesity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113992 | DOI Listing |
Bull Exp Biol Med
January 2025
Center for Digital and Translational Biomedicine, Center for Molecular Health LLC, Moscow, Russia.
Changes in the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, adipokines, and growth factors during the development of metabolic disorders were studied in three mouse models: C57BL/6 (alimentary obesity), db/db (leptin-resistant obesity), and NOD (diabetes mellitus) lines. In the group of alimentary obesity, moderate fatty infiltration of the liver and hypertrophy of the adipose tissue, hyperglycemia, and increased concentrations of adiponectin, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), leptin, and cholesterol were detected. In the group of leptin-resistant obesity, multiple pathological changes in tissues, severe hyperglycemia and hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, and reduced concentrations of triglycerides, adiponectin, myostatin, and TGF-β1 were detected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Immunopharmacol
January 2025
Immunology Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil. Electronic address:
Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide and is associated with various metabolic and physiological dysfunctions, directly impacting the dynamics of the immune response, partly due to elevated leptin levels. Leptin is an important peptide hormone that regulates neuroendocrine function and energy homeostasis, with its blood levels reflecting energy reserves, fat mass, or energy deprivation. This hormone also plays a fundamental role in regulating immune function, including the activity of NK cells, which are essential components in antiviral and antitumor activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Biophys Res Commun
January 2025
Yancheng Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, 224000, PR China. Electronic address:
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders, and its incidence has been experiencing a steady annual rise in recent years. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents the most frequent adverse complication, exerting a profound impact on the quality of life for those suffering from diabetes. The etiology of DPN is complex, including impaired mitochondrial function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Transl Oncol
December 2024
Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, China.
Adipocytes represent a significant proportion of breast tissue, comprising between 3.7 and 37% of stromal tissue. They play a pivotal role in metabolic regulation, energy supply, metabolic regulation, support effects, and cytokine release within the breast.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Funct
December 2024
Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih Dist., Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
Widespread exposure to endocrine disruptors is associated with metabolic dysfunction and reproductive toxicity. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has attracted attention as it offers protection against obesity and metabolic disorders due to its potent antioxidative and diverse biological properties but its influence and underlying mechanism of action on adipose tissue function and DEHP-induced testicular injury remain unknown. Our results showed that THC (100 mg kg day) administration for 27 weeks enlarged adipocytes while attenuating macrophage infiltration and IL-6 expression in the adipose tissue of male C57BL/6J mice exposed to 5 mg kg day of DEHP.
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