State Physical Education and Physical Activity Laws and Regulations in the United States: Estimating Mandated Time in Public Schools.

Purpose: This study estimated mandated physical education (PE) and physical activity (PA) time stipulated by state laws in public schools across the 50 States and the District of Columbia, and compared these times between states with and without specified mandates across education levels.

Design: Descriptive research.

Sample: State PE and PA regulation across 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Measures: Regulations were sourced from School Health Policy Database developed by the National Association of State Boards of Education State, Nexis Uni academic research database, Casetext, and state government websites.

Analysis: Frequency analysis and two-way analysis of variance were used to compare estimated PE and PA time between states with and without specific mandates.

Results: Across education levels, only 25.5% of the states mandated specific PA/recess time, 74.5% did not. About 51.0% mandated specific PE time, 45.1% mandated PE without specifying time, and 3.9% did not mandate PE. States with specified mandated PE and PA time averaged 76.54 and 131.41 minutes per week, respectively, showing significantly higher estimated PE and PA ( < 0.001) time compared to states without such mandates.

Conclusion: Many states mandate specific PA or PE times, but the average mandated time is significantly below the recommended 60 minutes of daily PA for school-aged children. This highlights the need to reassess current legislation to align with established recommendations.