AI Article Synopsis
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are crucial molecules in immunology and vaccinology, extensively studied for their significant impact across various scientific fields.
- Research predominantly focuses on the activation of the immune response through the MD-2/TLR4 complex, which is the primary known pathway for LPS sensing.
- This review examines other LPS recognition systems and their interconnected signaling pathways, emphasizing their importance in maintaining health and their roles in severe diseases, which could lead to new treatments for immune-related conditions.
Article Abstract
With an enormous potential in immunology and vaccinology, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are among the most extensively studied bacteria-derived molecules. LPS centered studies are countless, and their results reverberate in all areas of the life sciences, including chemistry, biology, genetics, biophysics, and medicine. Most of these research activities are focused on the LPS-induced immune response activation by means of Myeloid Differentiation protein-2/Toll Like Receptor 4 (MD-2/TLR4) complex, which currently is the most largely explored LPS sensing pathway. However, the enormous structural variability of LPS allows interactions with numerous other receptors involved in a wide range of equally important immunological scenarios. In this review, we explore these additional LPS recognition systems, which operate within interconnected signaling cascades, highlighting their role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and their involvement in the development of severe human diseases. Understanding these pathways, their interconnections, and the crosstalk between them and TLR4/MD-2 is essential for guiding the development of pharmacologically active molecules that could specifically modulate the inflammatory response, paving the way to new strategies for combating immune-mediated diseases and resistant infections.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.202400780 | DOI Listing |
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