Background: The current study aimed to investigate the chemical interaction of naringenin with the possible receptors and enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits and tested their ADME and toxicity. Furthermore, in-vivo studies have also done to evaluate the effect of naringenin and its nanoparticles on STZ-induced cognitive decline in mice.
Method: Naringenin were evaluated against the active sites of β-secretase 1 (PDB: 3UQU), human insulin-degrading enzyme (PDB: 4RE9), insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (PDB: 1IR3), glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (PDB: 3L1S), phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A (PDB: 3P71), human superoxide dismutase I (PDB: 5YT0), catalase-3 (PDB:3EJ6), and human acetylcholinesterase (PDB: 4EY7) in comparison of rivastigmine using molecular docking studies. Further, the naringenin and rivastigmine were subjected to test their pharmacokinetic and lead-likeness properties by employing the Swiss ADME web server. Moreover, a toxicity study has been performed for both naringenin and rivastigmine with the help of a Protox-II web server.
Result: Naringenin has a better binding affinity than rivastigmine with all the potential receptors. In in-vivo behavioral, biochemical mitochondrial and histopathological studies, naringenin nanoformulation showed more significant cognitive enhancement results as compared to pure naringenin when studied against STZ induced cognitive deficits.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that it would be worthwhile to explore more naringenin nanoformulation to expose the therapeutic effects for the treatment of cognitive deficits and neuroprotecive effects.
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Article Synopsis
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- NGN was found to reduce oxidative stress, restore antioxidant levels, and decrease inflammation markers, suggesting it may protect kidneys by counteracting the negative effects of DASA.
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