This reported case represents the first well-documented mandibular surgical ciliated cyst, following orthognathic surgery consisting of a combination of Le Fort I bimaxillary and sagittal osteotomy concomitantly with genioplasty, reported in a Brazilian patient. A case of 43-year-old female presenting a mandibular surgical ciliated cyst after 16 years of an orthognathic surgery, consisting of a combination of Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty, is reported. The cystic lesion was enucleated, and the histopathological analysis showed a cystic cavity lined by pseudostratified columnar respiratory-type epithelium presenting ciliated and mucous cells supported by fibrous connective tissue without inflammation. The diagnosis established was a mandibular surgical cilited cyst. Then, for diagnosis of mandibular surgical ciliated cyst is essential the association of clinical/imagological and histopathological features with the patient' past history showing evidence of previous surgery in the mandible concomitant with the maxilla.
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