Motivated by the similarity of the mathematical structure of Einstein's general relativity in its weak field limit and of Maxwell's theory of electrodynamics it is shown that there are gravitational analogs of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect. These effects can be combined to derive a gravitational analogue of the electric quantum metrological triangle. The gravitational quantum metrological triangle may have applications in metrology and could be used to investigate the relation of the Planck constant to fundamental particle masses. This allows for quantum tests of the weak equivalence principle. Moreover, the similarity of the gravitational and the electric quantum metrological triangle can be used to test the universality of quantum mechanics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.241402 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Fundamentale Physik für Metrologie FPM, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
Motivated by the similarity of the mathematical structure of Einstein's general relativity in its weak field limit and of Maxwell's theory of electrodynamics it is shown that there are gravitational analogs of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect. These effects can be combined to derive a gravitational analogue of the electric quantum metrological triangle. The gravitational quantum metrological triangle may have applications in metrology and could be used to investigate the relation of the Planck constant to fundamental particle masses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
August 2022
Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.
The a.c. Josephson effect predicted in 1962 and observed experimentally in 1963 as quantized 'voltage steps' (the Shapiro steps) from photon-assisted tunnelling of Cooper pairs is among the most fundamental phenomena of quantum mechanics and is vital for metrological quantum voltage standards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Eng Phys
June 2015
Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
Fluorescence spectroscopy has recently become more common in clinical medicine. However, there are still many unresolved issues related to the methodology and implementation of instruments with this technology. In this study, we aimed to assess individual variability of fluorescence parameters of endogenous markers (NADH, FAD, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Nanotechnol
June 2013
National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
Single-electron pumps are set to revolutionize electrical metrology by enabling the ampere to be redefined in terms of the elementary charge of an electron. Pumps based on lithographically fixed tunnel barriers in mesoscopic metallic systems and normal/superconducting hybrid turnstiles can reach very small error rates, but only at megahertz pumping speeds that correspond to small currents of the order of picoamperes. Tunable barrier pumps in semiconductor structures are operated at gigahertz frequencies, but the theoretical treatment of the error rate is more complex and only approximate predictions are available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
November 2010
Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0R6.
The calibration of measurements of the isotope amount ratio using a log-linear regression method with multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) is the latest development in isotope amount ratio metrology. This calibration method, however, is often met with criticism. In this work, we evaluate the robustness of this calibration strategy wherein measurements of antimony and indium isotope amount ratios are calibrated against the isotope amount ratio of silver, despite the significant difference in their atomic mass.
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