Spatiotemporal evolution and attribution analysis of ecological quality in the alpine meadow region of Shangri-La based on natural-social dimensions.

In response to the impacts of climate change and the intensity of human activities in the alpine meadow region, there is an urgent need to determine the ecological quality and its drivers in alpine meadow areas. In this paper, Shangri-La was adopted as an example, the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of the ecological quality in Shangri-La were determined in both natural and social dimensions, and the contributions of various driving factors were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the natural status index of Shangri-La from 2000 to 2020 generally showed a spatial distribution pattern that decreased from the central townships toward the north and south, and the social pressure index was irregularly distributed in high-value areas and continuously distributed in low-value areas. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the areas with high values of the ecological quality index were mainly distributed in central Shangri-La, with a maximum value of 0.91, while the low values were largely distributed in some townships in the north and south, with a minimum value of 0.26. (3) In the driving factors, the influences of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and net primary productivity (NPP) were greater than those of the other factors, among which the NDVI attained the largest mean value of 0.452, while the relative humidity (RHU) attained the lowest value of 0.036. (4) In terms of relative contributions, evapotranspiration (EVP) and precipitation (TEM) shifted from a positive drive to a negative drive from south to north. The contribution of the temperature to the ecological quality was the highest, at 64%. The spatial heterogeneity in the contributions of human disturbance activity factors to the ecological quality varied significantly, with the largest negative driving contribution of the NPP, at - 42.36%. The results could provide a basis for regional ecological quality protection and restoration.