The T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex plays an essential role in the immune response and is a key player in cancer immunotherapies. There are two classes of TCR/CD3 complexes, defined by their TCR chain usage (αβ or γδ). Recently reported structures have revealed the organization of the αβ TCR/CD3 complex, but similar studies regarding the γδ TCR/CD3 complex have lagged behind. Here, we report cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) structural analysis of two γδ TCRs, G115 (Vγ9 Vδ2) and 9C2 (Vγ5 Vδ1), in complex with CD3 subunits. Our results show that the overall subunit organization of the γδ TCR/CD3 complexes is similar to αβ TCRs. However, both γδ TCRs display highly mobile extracellular domains (ECDs), unlike αβ TCRs, which have TCR ECDs that are rigidly coupled to its transmembrane (TM) domains. We corroborate this finding in cells by demonstrating that a γδ T-cell specific antibody can bind a site that would be inaccessible in the more rigid αβ TCR/CD3 complex. Furthermore, we observed that the Vγ5 Vδ1 complex forms a TCR γ5 chain-mediated dimeric species whereby two TCR/CD3 complexes are assembled. Collectively, these data shed light on γδ TCR/CD3 complex formation and may aid the design of γδ TCR-based therapies.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55467-5 | DOI Listing |
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- * Cholesterol is crucial for the stability of the TCR-CD3 complex, and altered mutations impacting TCR-CD3 interactions hinder effective signaling by maintaining necessary subunit fluidity.
- * The TCR-CD3 complex exhibits minimal movement when interacting with activating antibodies, indicating that there are no distinct 'inactive-active' states at the extracellular level, which is significant for understanding TCR signaling and potential therapeutic applications.
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