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Epidermal Penetration Increases with Age and May Contribute to Systemic Inflammation.
J Invest Dermatol
December 2024
Dermatology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, CA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Self-Delivering RNAi Compounds for Reduction of Hyperpigmentation.
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol
December 2024
Phio Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA, USA.
Purpose: Abnormal melanin synthesis causes hyperpigmentation disorders like melasma and lentigines, impacting psychological well-being. RNA interference (RNAi) uses small RNA molecules to inhibit gene expression by targeting specific mRNA, silencing genes involved in undesirable cellular functions. This study assessed INTASYL compounds, self-delivering RNAi molecules, designed to target and reduce tyrosinase gene expression to decrease pigmentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Hemibiotrophic Apple Scab Fungus Induces a Biotrophic Interface but Lacks a Necrotrophic Stage.
J Fungi (Basel)
November 2024
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation-Plant Pathology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Microscopic evidence demonstrated a strictly biotrophic lifestyle of the scab fungus on growing apple leaves and characterised its hemibiotrophy as the combination of biotrophy and saprotrophy not described before. The pathogen-host interface was characterised by the formation of knob-like structures of the fungal stroma appressed to epidermal cells as early as 1 day after host penetration, very thin fan-shaped cells covering large parts of the host cell lumen, and enzymatic cuticle penetration from the subcuticular space limited to the protruding conidiophores. The cell wall had numerous orifices, facilitating intimate contact with the host tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInteraction of Liposomes Containing the Carrageenan/Echinochrome Complex with Human HaCaT Keratinocytes In Vitro.
Mar Drugs
December 2024
G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
Liposomal drug delivery systems are successfully used in various fields of medicine for external and systemic applications. Marine organisms contain biologically active substances that have a unique structure and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Polysaccharide of red seaweed (carrageenan (CRG)), and water-insoluble sea urchin pigment (echinochrome (Ech)) interact with each other and form a stable complex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDirect Nuclear Delivery of Proteins on Living Plant via Partial Enzymatic Cell Wall Digestion.
Curr Issues Mol Biol
December 2024
Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Nuclear protein delivery underlies an array of biotechnological and therapeutic applications. While many variations of protein delivery methods have been described, it can still be difficult or inefficient to introduce exogenous proteins into plants. A major barrier to progress is the cell wall which is primarily composed of polysaccharides and thus only permeable to small molecules.
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