An all-vanadium-based lithium-ion full battery with hierarchical yolk-shell structure electrodes.

An all-vanadium-based lithium-ion full battery is successfully assembled with hierarchical micro-nano yolk-shell structures VO and VO as the cathode and anode, which were obtained through a facile solvothermal method with heat treatment under different atmospheres. When used as the cathode of the lithium-ion battery, the hierarchical micro-nano yolk-shell VO demonstrated higher capacities than bulk VO, commercial LiFePO, and LiNiCoMnO cathodes at various current densities. The all-vanadium-based lithium-ion full battery shows good cycle performance at 0.1C and stable charge/discharge abilities at large current densities. The electrochemical performance of the full battery results from the low impedance and pseudocapacitance-dominated lithium storage mechanism derived from the micro-nano yolk-shell structure.