The Role of Endobronchial Ultrasound for Mediastinal Staging in Mesothelioma.

Background: Invasive mediastinal staging is a crucial component of the preoperative evaluation for potential surgical candidates with pleural mesothelioma (PM). Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is less invasive than mediastinoscopy for staging; however, its accuracy in patients with PM remains undefined. We present our institutional experience with EBUS staging in patients with PM.

Methods: Patients with PM who underwent EBUS for mediastinal staging between January 2017 and February 2021 (Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA) followed by surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed. EBUS cytology was compared with final pathology reports for the corresponding lymph node removed at the time of pleurectomy to assess EBUS accuracy.

Results: During the study period, 91 patients with PM met inclusion criteria. EBUS diagnostic yield was highest at nodal station 7 (84%) and lowest at station 4L (40%). There were 74 patients taken for surgical resection, and 41 patients had matching lymph nodes for analysis. In our series, EBUS had a sensitivity of 81%, a specificity of 93%, a positive predictive value of 90%, and a negative predictive value of 84%.

Conclusions: EBUS is a reasonable alternative to mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging in patients with mesothelioma.