Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Primary Tritipyrum Lines in Comparison with Bread Wheat Varieties and Triticale Lines using SCoT Markers.

Background: Triticale and tritipyrum as a new artificial cereal were investigated as potential stress-resistant alternatives within the Triticeae tribe due to their notable adaptability to environmental stresses.

Objectives: The first purpose of this study was to determine the genetic variation of 14 genotypes on physiological traits in arid and semi-arid climate of Yazd province on primary trans chromosomal tritipyrum (PTCT) lines, promising triticale lines, and Iranian and Afghan bread wheat cultivars, and the second purpose was to investigate the genetic diversity and classification of genotypes using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers.

Materials And Methods: The photosynthesis pigments, proline, and catalase enzyme activity of 14 genotypes were determined. Also, genomic DNA of 10 genotypes was extracted using a modified CTAB protocol. The 13 primers were set-up for PCR and the studied parameters were analyzed with Excel, GenAlEx6.5, POPGen32, and STRUCTURE software.

Results: Based on 14 amphidiploids, Triticale 4115 and PTCT line (Ka/b) (Cr/b) F had the greatest carotenoids and photosynthesis pigments values. Proline content was highest in PTCT lines (Ka/b) (Cr/b) F, triticale line 4115, and La(4B/4D)/b. The PTCT lines La/b and Az/b showed the highest (0.34) and lowest (0.04) average catalase, respectively. The investigation of genetic diversity in physiological traits related to the arid and semi-arid climate conditions of Yazd province showed that there is a great diversity between the genotypes.