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Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on Surface Mobility of Atomic Steps and Oxidation Dynamics in High-Temperature Alloys.
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.
In contrast to the traditional perspective that thermal fluctuations are insignificant in surface dynamics, here we report their influence on surface reaction dynamics. Using real-time low-energy electron microscopy imaging of NiAl(100) under both vacuum and O atmospheres, we demonstrate that transient temperature variations substantially alter the direction of atom diffusion between the surface and bulk, leading to markedly different oxidation outcomes. During heating, substantial outward diffusion of atoms from the bulk to the surface results in step growth.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Background: Cognitive changes affecting performance are subtle in early stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and may emerge only with more complex tasks. Driving is a highly challenging instrumental activity of daily living, requiring higher order integration of cognitive skills. For example, driving on freeway entrance ramps requires heightened cognitive engagement such as rapid responses to fast-emerging traffic and sudden speed changes, combining sensory processing and manipulative actions.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting language abilities, with clinical variants (nonfluent/agrammatic variant [nfvPPA], semantic variant [svPPA], logopenic variant [lvPPA], and mixed-PPA [mPPA]) categorized based on linguistic features. This study aims to compare PPA cohorts of native speakers of two different languages: English (an analytic language with deep orthography) and Italian (a synthetic language with shallow orthography).
Methods: We considered 166 English participants (70 nfvPPA, 45 svPPA, 42 lvPPA, 9 mPPA) and 106 Italian participants (14 nfvPPA, 20 svPPA, 42 lvPPA, 31 mPPA).
Clinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Background: Researchers often divide heterogeneous samples into homogeneous subgroups for analysis. For example, a sample of participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia might be divided into subgroups to answer questions about whether some exposure variable (e.g.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
Background: Subjective memory concerns (SMC) may be a sensitive marker of future cognitive declines. However, there are multiple factors that can impact the predictive utility of SMC. Prior studies have demonstrated the effect of depression on SMC.
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