Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Liver Transplantation: A 1-Year Follow-Up.

Background: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) following pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) have not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between AKI and both 1-year CKD and mortality.

Methods: This retrospective study included 132 children aged between 3 months and 12 years who underwent PLT between 2017 and 2021. Postoperative AKI and CKD after 1 year were assessed according to KDIGO criteria. AKI was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on severity as well as transient (≤2 days) and persistent (>2 days) based on duration. CKD occurrence was the primary outcome, whereas all-cause mortality was the secondary outcome.

Results: AKI developed in 45.4% of children, with 40.7% mild, 37.1% moderate, and 22.2% severe. Half of the children with AKI subsequently developed CKD within 1 year, compared to 23.1% without AKI. Multivariate analysis indicated that moderate AKI, severe AKI, and persistent AKI were risk factors for CKD development (moderate AKI, OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.2-12.3; severe AKI, OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.4-38.3; persistent AKI, OR = 9.7, 95% CI = 2.3-36.4). The overall mortality rate within 1 year after surgery was 9.8%. Children with severe AKI and AKI lasting longer than 2 days exhibited a higher mortality rate than those without AKI.

Conclusions: The development of postoperative AKI is relatively common after PLT, and the severity and duration of AKI are associated with CKD and mortality within 1 year.