Patients with genetic syndromes require special dental attention because they have symptoms that promote plaque accumulation, dental erosion, dental caries and gingival diseases. The aim of the study was to assess hygienic behaviors, use of dental care and frequency of professional preventive procedures among Polish children and adolescents with Prader-Willi, Down, Angelman, Silver-Russell and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndromes. Parents/legal guardians of children and adolescents with genetic syndromes were included. A questionnaire survey was conducted regarding socioeconomic factors, hygienic procedures performed at home and use of dental care as well as use of preventive treatments. The percentage of patients with genetic syndromes who received dental care was statistically significantly lower compared to the control group. Oral hygiene measures were most frequently used by participants with Silver-Russel syndrome, and less commonly by patients with Prader-Willi and Down syndrome. Dental treatment under general anesthesia was provided in 26 (38.2%) of the 68 children with genetic syndromes receiving dental care. Hygienic neglect and inadequate use of dental care due to limited access to certain preventive and therapeutic procedures among patients with genetic syndromes are worrying. It is necessary to educate and intensify caries prevention in this group of patients.
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