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Deconstructing delay discounting in human cocaine addiction using computational modelling and neuroimaging.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address:
Background: A preference for sooner-smaller over later-larger rewards, known as delay discounting, is a candidate transdiagnostic marker of waiting impulsivity and a research domain criterion. While abnormal discounting rates have been associated with many psychiatric diagnoses and abnormal brain structure, the underlying neuropsychological processes remain largely unknown. Here, we deconstruct delay discounting into choice and rate processes by testing different computational models and investigate their associations with white matter tracts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Cognitive impairment in bilinguals with neurological diseases].
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
December 2024
V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Bilingualism is widespread in the world and In Russia and in recent years has been actively considered within the framework of the cognitive reserve concept. The paper provides a review of articles studying cognitive functions in bilingual patients with neurological diseases. Cognitive disorders and dementia in bilinguals occur about 5 years later in comparison with those who speak only one language.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA descriptive summary of the WHO availability assessments of medical abortion medicines in eight African countries.
Reprod Health
December 2024
UNDP‑UNFPA‑UNICEF‑WHO‑World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background: The use of medical abortion using either a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol, or misoprostol alone has contributed to increased safety and decreased mortality and morbidity. The availability of quality medical abortion medicines is an essential component in the provision of quality abortion care. Understanding the factors that influence the availability of medical abortion medicines is important to help in-country policymakers, program planners, and providers improve availability and use of medical abortion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCentral Executive Network Dysfunction Could Potentially Play a Crucial Role in the Development of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease.
Acad Radiol
December 2024
Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng 224005, China. Electronic address:
Promoter Analysis and Dissection Using Reporter Genes, Comparative Genomics, and Gel Shift Assays in Phytophthora.
Methods Mol Biol
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
Transcriptional regulation allows cells to execute developmental programs, maintain homeostasis, and respond to intra- and extracellular signals. Central to these processes are promoters, which in eukaryotes are sequences upstream of genes that bind transcription factors (TFs) and which recruit RNA polymerase to initiate mRNA synthesis. Valuable tools for studying promoters include reporter genes, which can be used to indicate when and where genes are activated.
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