Impact of Autism on the Relation Between Sleep and Life Satisfaction in Japanese Adults.

Background/objectives: Sleep disorders, such as short sleep, are common comorbidities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sleep quality and duration are directly associated with quality of life (QOL). Clarifying the influence of ASD on the association between short sleep duration and life satisfaction is an efficient way to improve the QOL of patients with ASD.

Methods: To clarify the influence of ASD on the association between short sleep duration and life satisfaction scale scores, we conducted a web-based cross-sectional study involving 3823 Japanese adults aged 20-64 years.

Results: In all the participants, a significant inverse association was observed between short sleep duration and life satisfaction. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of short sleep for one standard deviation (SD), the increment of life satisfaction scale (2.5 for men and 2.4 for women), was 0.76 (0.70, 0.82). When the analyses were stratified by ASD status, a significant inverse association was observed only among participants without ASD. The corresponding ORs (95% CIs) were 0.73 (0.67, 0.80) and 1.08 (0.85, 1.39) for those with and without ASD. Patients with ASD also showed a significant interaction effect on the association between short sleep duration and life satisfaction.

Conclusions: Only participants without ASD showed a significant inverse association between short sleep duration and life satisfaction. Although further investigations are necessary, these results can help clarify the mechanism underlying the association between QOL, short sleep duration, and ASD.