Comparative Assessment of Push-Out Bond Strength and Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Different Calcium-Silicate-Based Endodontic Sealers.

Adhesion within endodontic obturation material and root canal walls improves the efficacy of the endodontic treatment by establishing a barrier that inhibits reinfection and entombs residual bacteria. This study evaluates the push-out bond strength (POBS) of calcium silicate sealers compared to an epoxy-resin-based sealer. A total of 36 extracted mono-radicular teeth were prepared with Pro Taper Ultimate and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. The specimens were randomly split into three groups ( = 12) according to the endodontic sealer and filling technique used as follows: Ah Plus with the continuous wave condensation technique (CWC), Ah Bioceramic (Ah Bio) with the single-cone technique, and Total Fill Hi-Flow (FKG Hi-Flow) with the CWC technique. The material was allowed to set for 4 weeks, and afterwards, the roots were placed in acrylic resin and sectioned into 1 mm transverse slices. A POBS test was conducted using a universal testing machine, and the mode of bond failure was assessed at 4× magnification using a stereomicroscope. Six specimens from each group were selected for SEM-EDX examination to evaluate dentinal tubule penetration. The data were analysed using analysis of variance and Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests. The POBS tests revealed higher values for Ah Plus in comparison to both calcium silicate sealers ( < 0.001), while FKG Hi-Flow showed superior results to Ah Bio ( < 0.001). The cohesive mode of failure was prevalent in all three groups. In conclusion, the resin-based sealer showed higher bond strength and better dentinal tubule penetration than the two calcium silicate sealers tested, while FKG Hi-Flow outperformed AH Bio.