Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and exosomes are essential mediators of host-pathogen interactions. Elucidating their mechanisms of action offers valuable insights into diagnosing and treating infectious diseases and cancers. However, the specific interactions of () with host cells via OMVs and exosomes in modulating host immune responses have not been thoroughly investigated. This review explores how these vesicles elicit inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses in the host environment, facilitate pathogen invasion of host cells, and enable evasion of host defenses, thereby contributing to the progression of gastric diseases and extra-gastric diseases disseminated through the bloodstream. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and future directions for investigating OMVs and exosomes, underscoring their potential as therapeutic targets in -associated diseases.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1512935 | DOI Listing |
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outer membrane vesicles and infected cell exosomes: new players in host immune modulation and pathogenesis.
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Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and exosomes are essential mediators of host-pathogen interactions. Elucidating their mechanisms of action offers valuable insights into diagnosing and treating infectious diseases and cancers. However, the specific interactions of () with host cells via OMVs and exosomes in modulating host immune responses have not been thoroughly investigated.
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- A gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the environment can lead to severe pneumonia and is linked to cardiovascular complications in hospitalized patients with pneumonia, yet the exact cause of this cardiac dysfunction remains unclear.
- Recent research shows that lung infection causes significant heart issues, but it's not just the overall inflammation that leads to these problems; specific factors from infected immune cells play a key role.
- Exosomes and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released during infection have been identified as major contributors to heart problems, with bacterial proteins within them causing contractile dysfunction in heart cells.
Evaluation of the effect of -derived OMVs and released exosomes from stomach cells treated with OMVs on the expression of genes related to the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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OMVs derived from can lead to cell transformation in gastric epithelium and cancer. Additionally, exosomes (Exos) released by host cells infected with can significantly contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer. In this study, the effects of both Exos from AGS cells treated with -derived OMVs on the expression of genes related to the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were investigated.
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Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by bacteria are emerging diagnostic markers for bacterial infection or disease detection due to their carriage of various signaling molecules. However, actual biological samples of patients are extremely complex, and applying OMVs to clinical diagnosis remains a major challenge. One of the major challenges is that there are still great difficulties in the enrichment of OMVs including tedious steps and lower concentration.
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Cytotherapy is a strategy to deliver modified cells to a diseased tissue, but targeting solid tumours remains challenging. Here we design macrophages, harbouring a surface glypican-3-targeting peptide and carrying a cargo to combat solid tumours. The anchored targeting peptide facilitates tumour cell recognition by the engineered macrophages, thus enhancing specific targeting and phagocytosis of tumour cells expressing glypican-3.
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