Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of educational interventions designed to develop physical therapist learners' clinical reasoning across the full continuum of professional development.
Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted of 6 databases, the entire Journal of Physical Therapy Education collection, and the reference lists of included articles through March 2022.
Study Selection: English-language primary relevant research studies of all research designs were included while grey literature was excluded.
Data Extraction And Synthesis: Two reviewers independently extracted data from and determined risk of bias of each of the 40 included studies. Disagreements were resolved by consensus or use of a third reviewer. A narrative synthesis summarized and explained the quantitative data. Meta-analysis was not possible due to data heterogeneity. Qualitative data were synthesized using thematic analysis.
Main Outcome(s) And Measure(s): Main outcomes were effects of the educational interventions per the Kirkpatrick model.
Results: Forty articles met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two of the 33 studies with quantitative data involving student or practicing physical therapists reported statistically significant positive outcomes. Three major themes emerged from thematic analysis of 23 studies: perceived educational gain, valued elements of educational interventions, and identified challenges to learning.
Conclusions And Relevance: Educational interventions that appeared to have a positive impact on learning outcomes were identified. However, the available research lacks rigor for the authors to develop evidence-based guidelines to support the development of clinical reasoning in physical therapist learners. Given the importance of clinical reasoning, high quality studies are warranted. This comprehensive systematic review appeared to be the first one in the profession to have investigated the effects of educational interventions designed to develop learners' clinical reasoning across the entire professional development. Educators and researchers may benefit from the findings to develop educational interventions and future studies.
Background: Foodborne illness is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. Young adults, aged 18-26 (including undergraduates and recent graduates), are especially vulnerable to the onset of unhealthy eating habits and nutritional imbalances as they begin living independently, often away from their families. This research aims to identify the risk factors associated with the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to safe food handling among residential university students.
Background: This study examined how university students' social media use is related to their mental health (subjective well-being [SWB] and loneliness) and perceived physical health. A cognitive bias model and a social network mediation model were used to compare social capital formed via face-to-face and online communication, considering the effects of personality traits (i.e.
Background: Pneumococcal disease, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, imposes a significant global health burden, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly and immunocompromised. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is designed to protect against 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, there is ongoing debate about its effectiveness in reducing all-cause mortality.
Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province and National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Background: Chronic inflammatory pain is a pervasive condition, and electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective treatment, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key energy sensor, is involved in pain relief and EA's effects. EA may work by increasing endocannabinoids, upregulating CB2 receptors (CB2R), and stimulating β-endorphin (β-END).
