Conditioning rice seeds with chitosan to mitigate salt stress.

Rice is considered to be moderately salt-tolerant during germination, development, and ripening stages, and environmentally sensitive during seedling and reproductive stages, which affects seedling emergence and growth, resulting in significant yield losses. Seed conditioning with chitosan has been employed as a useful tool in high-salinity environments with the aim of increasing crop productivity and quality, as well as promoting more sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of seed conditioning with chitosan on seed germination and rice seedling growth under salinity stress. The experiment consisted of three seeds conditioning and 4 salinity levels, arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Seeds were sown on germitest paper, and the rolls were placed in a germination chamber (25 ± 2°C and 12 hr photoperiod). Germination and seedling growth parameters were determined. The high salt concentration resulted in reduced growth of rice seedlings, and exogenous application of chitosan at different concentrations and soaking times exerted no apparent adverse effect on germination and growth variables. The attenuating effect of chitosan was observed in the length of the seedlings at all the concentrations utilized. Therefore, evidence indicates that conditioning rice seeds with chitosan might serve as an alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of exposure to stress induced by high salt concentrations.