Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: models/Detail_model.php
Line Number: 71
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Line: 71
Function: strpos
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: insertAPISummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 255
Function: formatAIDetailSummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 258
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Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
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Function: getPubMedXML
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Introduction And Methods: Aiming to evaluate safety aspects of a recently proposed approach to target Alzheimer's disease, we mimicked a complex boron neutron capture therapy field using a mixed beam consisting of high- and low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, Am alpha particles (α) and/or X-ray radiation respectively, in human microglial (HMC3) cells.
Results: Acute exposure to 2 Gy X-rays induced the strongest response in the formation of γH2AX foci 30 min post irradiation, while α- and mixed beam-induced damage (α:X-ray = 3:1) sustained longer. Fractionation of the same total dose (0.4 Gy daily) induced a similar number of γH2AX foci as after acute radiation, however, α- or mixed irradiation caused a higher expression of DNA damage response genes CDKN1A and MDM2 24 h after the last fraction, as well as a stronger decrease in cell viability and clonogenic survival compared to acute exposure. Phosphorylation of STING, followed by phosphorylation of NF-κB subunit p65, was rapidly induced (1 or 3 h, respectively) after the last fraction by all radiation qualities. This led to IL-1β secretion into the medium, strongly elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and enhanced phagocytosis after fractionated exposure to α- and mixed beam-irradiation compared to their acute counterparts 24 h post-irradiation. Nevertheless, all inflammatory changes were returning to basal levels or below 10-14 days post irradiation.
Discussion: In conclusion, we demonstrate strong transient pro-inflammatory induction by daily high-LET radiation in a microglia model, triggering phagocytosis which may aid in clearing amyloid beta, but importantly, from a safety perspective, without long-term alterations.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663654 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1440559 | DOI Listing |
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