Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
Published: December 2024
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Turkey, with nearly one in six deaths attributed to the disease. In 2018, Turkey recorded 211,273 new cancer cases. Many cancers are linked to modifiable lifestyle risk factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, and inadequate diet and physical activity. Modifying these risk factors could potentially prevent 30%-50% of cancer cases and deaths. This study aims to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer cases and deaths due to various modifiable risk factors in Turkey. Modifiable cancer risk factors were identified as smoking, infections, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and calcium. Data on exposure prevalence and cancer incidence were sourced from national surveys and reports. Relative risks (RRs) were obtained from global studies. PAFs were calculated using Levin's equation, accounting for overlaps between risk factors. In 2018, 32% of the cancer cases were attributable to lifestyle risk factors. Smoking was the most significant factor, accounting for 28.4% of cases in men, while high BMI was the leading factor in women, contributing to 11.5% of cases. Lifestyle risk factors were responsible for 41.6% of cancer deaths, with smoking being the leading cause. Lifestyle risk factors contribute significantly to cancer incidence and mortality in Turkey. Prioritizing interventions to reduce tobacco use and obesity could substantially lower the cancer burden. These results are crucial for developing effective cancer prevention strategies and informing public health policies.
Brucellosis remains an endemic disease in livestock populations in Rwanda, but the prevalence of the disease varies by geographic region. The common use of informal milk marketing channels represents a health hazard to humans when milk from Brucella-infected cows from one or more households is mixed with milk from other households for human consumption. In Rwanda, knowledge about the burden of brucellosis in livestock and factors associated with farmers' choice of milk marketing channels is very limited.
Although China has achieved malaria elimination certification, the risk of malaria transmission reintroduction due to imported malaria remains. We analyzed data on imported malaria cases collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021, using multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with severe and relapsing malaria. The odds of severe malaria were around 4-fold greater for patients who were initially diagnosed with a nonmalarial illness than for patients initially diagnosed with malaria.
Background: Previous research has estimated that over one-half of patients with orthopaedic trauma experience financial distress after the injury. However, it is unknown what proportion of patients lived under financial distress before the injury and, therefore, the causal effect of the injury on financial distress. This study examined changes in financial distress after the injury and factors associated with new post-injury financial distress.
Background: Socio-economic status (SES) is an important determinant of severe respiratory infections. Despite being a leading cause of hospitalization, limited attention has been given to social inequities in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), particularly outside of childhood and beyond neighbourhood-level measures. This study aimed to quantify the burden of severe RSV disease across the age continuum by individual-level SES indicators.
