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Intergroup competition for limited resources is a significant selection pressure that drives the evolution of animal society. The rhesus macaque (Macaca Mulatta) is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate in the world and can adapt well to environments disturbed by humans. In some areas, human provisioning provides ample food resources for rhesus macaques, leading to an increase in their population size, inevitably affecting competition patterns within and between groups. In this study, we focused on seven provisioned groups of rhesus macaque in an eco-tourism park in Hainan, China, to verify how provisioning impacted their intergroup relationships. The results showed that: (1) Peaceful coexistence was the most common form of Intergroup contacts; (2) Provisioning led to an increase in intergroup contact and conflicts, but monkeys tended to avoid direct contact with other groups at main-provisioned sites with high conflict risk. (3) Larger groups did not interfere with each other's space use in the park, but smaller groups were more easily tolerated by other groups. (4) There were no strict linear dominance relationships among monkey groups. Overall, intensive provisioning satisfied the energy requirement of all monkeys in our study site, leading to a reduction in the relative benefit of intergroup conflict. Consequently, monkeys have adopted an intergroup contact strategy that avoids direct conflicts and prevents conflict escalation. We should pay more attention to the behavior patterns of provisioned animal populations, which will help us better understand how resources such as food have influenced the evolution of social strategies of animal groups, as well as how to manage such human disturbed animal populations in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23721 | DOI Listing |
Am J Primatol
January 2025
School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Intergroup competition for limited resources is a significant selection pressure that drives the evolution of animal society. The rhesus macaque (Macaca Mulatta) is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate in the world and can adapt well to environments disturbed by humans. In some areas, human provisioning provides ample food resources for rhesus macaques, leading to an increase in their population size, inevitably affecting competition patterns within and between groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Primatol
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Recent evidence challenging the notion of a sterile intrauterine environment has sparked research into the origins and effects of fetal microbiota on immunity development during gestation. Rhesus macaques (RMs) serve as valuable nonhuman primate models due to their similarities to humans in development, placental structure, and immune response. In this study, metagenomic analysis was applied to the placenta, umbilical cord, spleen, gastrointestinal tissues of an unborn RM fetus, and the maternal intestine, revealing the diversity and functionality of microbes in these tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTau pathology in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) follows a distinct pattern, beginning in the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and spreading to interconnected brain regions. Early-stage tau pathology, characterized by soluble phosphorylated tau, is difficult to study in human brains post-mortem due to rapid dephosphorylation. Rhesus macaques, which naturally develop age-related tau pathology resembling human AD, provide an ideal model for investigating early tau etiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCereb Cortex
December 2024
School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Fort Neuroscience Research Building, 4370 Duncan Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
Arousal states are thought to influence many aspects of cognition and behavior by broadly modulating neural activity. Many studies have observed arousal-related modulations of alpha (~8 to 15 Hz) and gamma (~30 to 50 Hz) power and coherence in local field potentials across relatively small groups of brain regions. However, the global pattern of arousal-related oscillatory modulation in local field potentials is yet to be fully elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnim Welf
December 2024
Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK.
Environmental enrichment programmes are widely used to improve welfare of captive and laboratory animals, especially non-human primates. Monitoring enrichment use over time is crucial, as animals may habituate and reduce their interaction with it. In this study we aimed to monitor the interaction with enrichment items in groups of rhesus macaques (), each consisting of an average of ten individuals, living in a breeding colony.
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