The role of bone inflammation in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinus cyst formation.

Objective: Aim: To evaluate the role of maxillary bone inflammation in the formation of MSCs through the comprehensive assessment of histological and radiological research results and the determination of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL) in tissue homogenates, nasal secretions, and blood plasma.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: We included 25 patients aged 20 to 65 with maxillary sinus cysts. We analyzed computed tomography and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with human TNFSF11 (RANKL) in biological samples. Nasal secretion collection and blood sampling were performed before surgery, and tissue samples from the cyst were taken during surgery for further homogenization.

Results: Results: Patients with pseudocysts had deep untreated carious lesions in the upper molars and premolars or adentia on the affected side of the maxillary sinus in 86% of cases, and a higher level of RANKL in the homogenates of removed cysts at 71,7±31,11 pg/μg of protein. In patients with true cysts, deep untreated carious lesions or adentia were not found in our research, and the level of RANKL in the homogenates was lower, at 32,2±5,05 pg/μg of protein (р<0,001). We found no statistically significant correlation between the concentration of RANKL in cyst homogenates, blood plasma, and nasal secretions.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Patients with histologically confirmed pseudocysts more frequently exhibited deep carious lesions in the upper molars and premolars than patients with true cysts. Additionally, they demonstrated a significantly higher level of RANKL in the homogenates of removed cysts.