Objective: Aim: To analyze modern threats of the use of chemical warfare agents on the line of contact during the full-scale invasion into Ukraine.
Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: The study was carried out with the use of theoretical methods (information retrieval, analytical, descriptive, generalization, system analysis and information synthesis) and the construction of trends with the identification of the coefficient of determination.
Results: Results: Most of damage cases of the military men of the Armed Forces of Ukraine were caused by the enemy's use of such groups of chemical warfare agents with an irritating effect as lacrimators and sternites, more specifically K-51 grenades with chloropicrin (PS) and 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS), RGR grenade with 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS) and RG-Vo (862-3-23) grenades with chloroacetophenone (CN).
Conclusion: Conclusions: 2698 cases of damage by chemical warfare agents of irritant action were detected among the military men of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and every month during 2024, more and more injuries were detected among the military men of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (715 cases in May 2024 compared to 444 cases in April 2024), which indicates that a stable upward trend towards a wider trend is emerging deliberate use of chemical warfare agents, the coefficient of determination of R2 of which was high and amounted to 0,9577, and which continues to grow steadily.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/WLek/197094 | DOI Listing |
Int Immunopharmacol
January 2025
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that increases oxidative stress in veterans. The literature assessing oxidant/antioxidant parameters in SM-exposed veterans contains conflicting results. A total of 11 relevant studies were identified and screened.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2025
Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States.
Purpose: Sulfur mustard gas (SM) exposure to eyes causes multiple corneal injuries including stromal cell loss in vivo. However, mechanisms mediating stromal cell loss/death remains elusive. This study sought to test the novel hypothesis that SM-induced toxicity to human corneal stromal fibroblasts involves ferroptosis mechanism via p38 MAPK signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
We report the exfoliation of ultrathin gallium oxide (GaO) films from liquid metal balloons, formed by injecting air into droplets of eutectic gallium-indium alloy (eGaIn). These GaO films enable the selective adsorption of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in water, resulting in the formation of a dense, percolating CNT network on their surface. The self-assembled CNT network on GaO provides a versatile platform for device fabrication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Educ
January 2025
Centre for Disaster Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Background: Chemical, biological and nerve gas events have a significant impact on public health, necessitating proper education and training. This study investigated the educational needs as perceived by two groups, frontline healthcare workers and medical students, in relation to chemical, biological, and nerve gas events.
Methods: Three distinct web-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted, one each for chemical, biological, and nerve gas events, with each survey following the same structural format including sections on (a) theoretical knowledge assessment, using multiple-choice questions regarding identification, protection, and treatment, (b) perception of threat, using questions based on a 5-point Likert scale to gauge views on threat/preparedness and (c) perception of existing competency, with questions regarding prior education and the need for additional education and training.
The sulfur-containing chemical warfare agents sulfur mustard HD and nerve agent VX are highly toxic and persistent in the environment. Therefore, their neutralisation requires harsh oxidation conditions, but also precise selectivity. Here we report the safe and effective detoxification of surrogates CEES and PhX by selective oxidation of the sulfur atom by generating peracetic acid from AcOEt and aq.
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