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Association of immune-mediated diseases with the risk of dementia and brain structure in UK Biobank participants. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • A study investigated the link between 27 immune-mediated diseases and the risk of developing dementia in 487,459 participants from the UK Biobank over an average of 12.3 years.
  • Results showed that individuals with immune-mediated diseases had a 24% higher risk of developing dementia, with five specific diseases identified as particularly hazardous.
  • The findings also indicated that these diseases were associated with noticeable brain structural changes, including reduced brain surface area and poorer white matter health, suggesting potential mechanisms behind the increased dementia risk.

Article Abstract

Background: Immunity and inflammation may be essential to the pathogenesis of dementia. However, the association of immune-mediated diseases with the risk of incident dementia has not been well characterised.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prospective association of 27 immune-mediated diseases and incident dementia risk and to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by brain structures.

Methods: We included 487 459 UK Biobank participants aged 37-73 years without dementia at enrolment. Immune-mediated diseases and dementia cases were ascertained according to the International Classification of Diseases codes. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression and general linear regression models were used to examine the association of immune-mediated disease with incident dementia risk and brain morphometric measures, respectively.

Results: Over a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 1654 cases of incident dementia were documented in 86 243 patients with immune-mediated diseases. Overall, immune-mediated diseases were associated with a higher all-cause dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.32). Five out of 27 immune-mediated diseases were associated with an increased risk of dementia individually. Comorbidity of multiple immune-mediated diseases further increased the risk. Moreover, the immune-mediated disease was associated with smaller total surface areas of both left (β, -286.51; SE, 102.58; P = .014) and right hemispheres (β, -298.56; SE, 103.96; P = .016), greater white matter hyperintensities volume (β, 1.02; SE, 0.13; P < .001) and less healthy white matter microstructures.

Conclusions: Immune-mediated diseases were associated with an increased risk of incident dementia, and the association of those diseases with brain structural abnormalities might provide clues to the underlying mechanisms.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afae274DOI Listing

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