Most studies investigating the genomic nature of species differences anticipate monophyletic species with genome-wide differentiation. However, this may not be the case at the earliest stages of speciation where reproductive isolation is weak and homogenising gene flow blurs species boundaries. We investigate genomic differences between species in a postglacial radiation of eyebrights (Euphrasia), a taxonomically complex plant group with variation in ploidy and mating system. We use genotyping-by-sequencing and spatially-aware clustering methods to investigate genetic structure across 378 populations from 18 British and Irish Euphrasia species. We find only northern Scottish populations of the selfing heathland specialist E. micrantha demonstrate genome-wide divergence from other species. Instead of genetic clusters corresponding to species, all other clusters align with geographic regions, such as a genetic cluster on Shetland that includes ten tetraploid species. Recent divergence and extensive gene flow between putative species is supported by a lack of species-specific SNPs or clear outlier loci. We anticipate a similar lack of association between genomic clusters and species identities may occur in other recent postglacial groups. Where new species emerge this is associated with a transition in mating system or novel ecological preferences.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpae185 | DOI Listing |
Chemistry
December 2024
Harbin Institute of Technology - Weihai, School of Marine Science and Technoogy, No. 2 West Road, 264209, Weihai, CHINA.
Disulfide bonds (S-S) play a critical role in modern biochemistry, organic synthesis and prebiotic chemistry. Traditional methods for synthesizing disulfide bonds often rely on oxygen, alkali, and metal catalysts. Herein, thiol groups involved in amino acids and peptides were spontaneously converted into symmetrical and unsymmetrical disulfide bonds within water microdroplets, without the need for catalysts or oxygen, and under room temperature.
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December 2024
Oxford University, Department of Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND.
With a view towards the development of molecular spintronics, non-linear optics, and qubits, a great amount of research effort aims to establish the factors which govern the spin classification of diradicals. Electron spin resonance (ESR) is an indispensable tool for such research. However, in some cases, the mere presence of an ESR spectrum is insufficient to ascertain that the presumed diradical is indeed a triplet state.
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December 2024
Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry, Bv 120, e/ 60 y 64, Nº1465, 1900, La Plata, ARGENTINA.
The redox imbalance, caused by depletion or generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a key mechanism by which metal complexes exert anticancer effects. Carbidopa has shown the ability to inhibit the MDA-MB-231 cell line, a highly aggressive triple-negative human breast adenocarcinoma, by inducing reductive stress. The metal complex of carbidopa with zinc (ZnCarbi) was designed to modify carbidopa's structure and exhibited increased cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Microbiol Rep
December 2024
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
Managing infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli is a major public health concern, particularly in hospitals where surfaces can act as reservoirs for resistant microorganisms. Identifying these bacteria in hospital environments is crucial for improving healthcare safety. This study aimed to analyse environmental samples from a veterinary hospital to identify prevalent microorganisms and detect antimicrobial resistance patterns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Beijing University of Technology, Materials Science and Technology, Pingleyuan 100#, Chaoyang District, 100124, Beijing, CHINA.
Manganese-based (Mn-based) layered oxides have emerged as competitive cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), primarily due to their high energy density, cost-effectiveness, and potential for mass production. However, these materials often suffer from irreversible oxygen redox reactions, significant phase transitions, and microcrack formation, which lead to considerable internal stress and degradation of electrochemical performance. This study introduces a high-entropy engineering strategy for P2-type Mn-based layered oxide cathodes (HE-NMCO), wherein a multi-ingredient cocktail effect strengthens the lattice framework by modulating the local environmental chemistry.
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