What morphologies are more likely to appear during evolution is a central question in zoology. Here we offer a novel approach to this question based on first developmental principles. We assumed that morphogenesis results from the genetic regulation of cell properties and behaviors (adhesion, contraction, etc.). We used EmbryoMaker, a general model of development that can simulate any gene network regulating cell properties and behaviors, the mechanical interactions and signaling between cells and the morphologies arising from those. We created spherical initial conditions with anterior and dorsal territories. We performed simulations changing the cell properties and behaviors regulated in these territories to explore which morphologies may have been possible. Thus, we obtained a set of the most basic animal morphologies that can be developmentally possible assuming very simple induction and morphogenesis. Our simulations suggest that elongation, invagination, evagination, condensation and anisotropic growth are the morphogenetic transformations more likely to appear from changes in cell properties and behaviors. We also found some parallels between our simulations and the morphologies of simple animals, some early stages of animal development and fossils attributed to early animals.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.23279 | DOI Listing |
BMC Cancer
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) is closely associated with mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, placing the activated RET protein at the center of MTC pathogenesis. Existing therapeutic solutions, primarily tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as selpercatinib, vandetanib, and cabozantinib, have shown moderate efficacy but are accompanied by increased risks of side effects and resistance. This study unveils a promising avenue using nonactin, a compound historically recognized for its antibacterial properties, targeting the G-quadruplex interactions within the RET proto-oncogene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Urol
December 2024
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
Background: Current treatments for penile erectile structures reconstruction are limited and remain a great challenge in clinical practice. Tissue engineering techniques using different seed cells and scaffolds to construct a neo-tissue open promising avenues for penile erectile structures repair and replacement and show great promise in the restoration of: structure, mechanical property, and function which matches the original tissue.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted by accessing the NCBI PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases from January 1, 1990, to January, 1, 2022 using the search terms "Tissue engineering, Corpus cavernosum (CC), Tunica albuginea (TA), Acellular Matrix, Penile Reconstruction".
BMC Plant Biol
December 2024
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Background: Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), play multiple roles in plant development, growth and response to bio- or abiotic stresses. Calmodulin-like domains typically contain four EF-hand motifs for Ca²⁺ binding. The CDPK gene family can be divided into four subgroups in Arabidopsis, and it has been identified in many plants, such as rice, tomato, but has not been investigated in alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Halabja, Halabja, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a serious threat to health, highlighting the urgent need for more effective antimicrobial agents with innovative mechanisms of action. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions by enabling the creation of nanoparticles (NPs) with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to explore the antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-virulence effects of eco-friendly synthesized α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (α-Fe₂O₃-NPs) against pathogenic bacteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Biomed Eng
December 2024
Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Resistance to chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy develops through multiple mechanisms, most notably antigen loss and tumour-induced immune suppression. It has been suggested that T cells expressing multiple CARs may overcome the resistance of tumours and that T cells expressing receptors that switch inhibitory immune-checkpoint signals into costimulatory signals may enhance the activity of the T cells in the tumour microenvironment. However, engineering multiple features into a single T cell product is difficult because of the transgene-packaging constraints of current gene-delivery vectors.
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