Chemoresistance poses a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), while its underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Post-translational protein modification and abnormal activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) are critical regulators of tumor chemoresistance. This study investigates the role of TNF receptors-associated factors 6 (TRAF6) in 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistant GC. Utilizing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to suppress TRAF6 expression in 5-FU resistant GC cells across both in vivo and in vitro models, we observed a marked reduction in cell proliferation and tumor growth. Low expression of TRAF6 inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65, which was achieved by promoting the expression of Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Importantly, TRAF6, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, bound to the IRF3-Δ (SR + IAD) (1-190aa) domain, inducing Lys70 ubiquitination of IRF3 to regulate its protein stability, with ubiquitin K48 residue playing a crucial role in this process. In conclusion, our study reveals the mechanism by which the TRAF6/IRF3 axis decreases GC's cells sensitivity to 5-FU by promoting nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65, offering valuable insights into overcoming chemoresistance in GC.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-024-07290-5DOI Listing
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662071PMC

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