The gastric digestion behavior of different commercial Stage 1 infant formulae (for 0-6 months) with different formulation backgrounds was investigated using an dynamic infant human gastric simulator (iHGS). The microstructural arrangements of the protein and lipid, colloidal stability and protein hydrolysis during digestion were elucidated. During gastric digestion, casein-dominant formulations showed a higher extent of aggregation due to their high proportion of casein micelles that underwent coagulation upon acidification and via the action of pepsin. The extensive protein coagulation/curd formation in casein-dominant infant formulae slowed the rate of protein hydrolysis and resulted in the retention of caseins in the iHGS for longer times. Confocal micrographs showed that oil droplets were entrapped in the curd particles of casein-dominant infant formulae, which consequently slowed the gastric emptying of lipids. Conversely, whey-dominant formulations showed a lower degree of protein aggregation that resulted in faster protein hydrolysis and rapid protein and lipid emptying from the iHGS. It was also revealed that whey-dominant infant formulae in the presence of biopolymers increased the viscosity of gastric chyme and induced the flocculation of oil droplets. This altered the rate of protein hydrolysis and emptying of lipids. Correlation analyses depicted the overall kinetics of gastric emptying of macronutrients during digestion and comprised two stages: (i) driven by the continuous stomach emptying and (ii) influenced by aggregation and coalescence indices. The present study highlights the similarities and differences in the digestion behaviors of commercial infant formulae based on important ingredients such as types of proteins and biopolymers, regardless of the formulation or processing histories.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1507093 | DOI Listing |
Toxicology
December 2024
Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address:
Genistein (GEN) is a phytoestrogen with oestrogen-like activity found in many plants. Classified as an endocrine disruptor, GEN is potentially hazardous, particularly during developmental stages. It induces alterations in anxious behaviour, fertility, and energy metabolism, alongside modifications in specific brain circuits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Clin Nutr
December 2024
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
Background: Breastfeeding and human milk are the normative standards for infant feeding and nutrition.
Objectives: We aimed to examine the association of breastfeeding practices during the first year of life with subsequent infant respiratory tract infections (RTIs).
Methods: The study was a secondary analysis embedded in the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort study.
J Agric Food Chem
December 2024
School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
In this study, we investigated the effects of infant fecal fermentation-derived metabolites of digested osteopontin (OPN) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), either individually or in combination, on intestinal barrier function using a Caco-2/HT-29 coculture cell model. Our results suggested that the OPN/2'-FL (1:36-1:3) cofermentation metabolites improved epithelial barrier integrity by supporting the mRNA and protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, claudin-2, ZO-1, and ZO-2. All of the OPN/2'-FL treatments decreased the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, while the OPN/2'-FL ratio increased IL-10 production by inhibiting activation of the MyD88/IκB-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
December 2024
Newborn Screening Center, Jinan Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, P.R.China.
Rationale: The high clinical heterogeneity of hypermethioninemia caused by MAT1A gene defects has resulted in a paucity of studies examining the association between clinical phenotypes, biochemical characteristics, and gene mutations in this patient group. Furthermore, the indications for therapeutic interventions in patients remain unclear. The objective of this study is to provide a foundation for clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling, and follow-up management of hypermethioninemia caused by MAT1A gene defects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
December 2024
Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
α-Dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs) generated from carbohydrates play a key role in food quality and safety as precursors. Lactose contributes to α-DCs generation in dairy products; however, α-DCs with intact lactose carbons have not been investigated so far. This study aimed to identify lactose-derived α-DCs, clarify the mechanism of its formation using model incubations, and investigate the distribution and contents of α-DCs in dairy products.
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