Analysis of Risk Factors for Restenosis after Interventional Treatment of Tuberculous Airway Stenosis.

Objective: Analysis of risk factors for restenosis after intervention for tuberculous airway stenosis.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients diagnosed with tuberculous airway stenosis in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University and Lanzhou Pulmonary Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023. The patients were divided into the restenosis group and the non-restenosis group according to whether or not restenosis occurred in the airway within 1 year after the intervention, and the differences in the clinical data between the two groups were compared, and the variables with statistically significant differences in the univariate analysis were analyzed by multifactorial binary logistic regression.

Results: A total of 154 patients with tuberculous airway stenosis were included in this study, including 64 patients in the stenosis group, with a restenosis rate of 41.6%. The results of univariate analysis showed that the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) level was higher in the restenosis group compared with the non-restenosis group, and the composition of patients with diabetes mellitus, a stenosis length of >3cm, and a positive antacid staining of tracheal secretions was higher (all P<0.05). The composition of microscopic inactivity, antituberculosis treatment prior to intervention, and performing balloon dilatation was lower (all P<0.05). The results of multifactorial binary logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes(OR=5.758, 95%CI: 1.434~23.119), stenosis length (OR=6.349, 95%CI: 2.653~15.197), SII level (OR=1.002, 95%CI: 1.001~1.003), prior to interventional anti-tuberculosis treatment (OR=0.250, 95%CI: 0.084~0.746), and TBTB microscopic classification and staging(OR=0.306, 95%CI: 0.099~0.941) were independent influences on restenosis after interventional treatment for tuberculous airway stenosis.

Conclusion: Diabetes, stenosis length>3cm, and high SII were independent risk factors for restenosis after intervention for tuberculous airway stenosis, prior to interventional anti-tuberculosis treatment and microscopic inactivity were independent protective factors.