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Role of cellular effectors in the induction and maintenance of IgA responses leading to protective immunity against enteric bacterial pathogens.
Front Immunol
September 2024
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
The mucosal immune system is a critical first line of defense to infectious diseases, as many pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, disrupting the balanced interactions between mucosal cells, secretory molecules, and microbiota in this challenging microenvironment. The mucosal immune system comprises of a complex and integrated network that includes the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). One of its primary responses to microbes is the secretion of IgA, whose role in the mucosa is vital for preventing pathogen colonization, invasion and spread.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrivate Keeping of Dangerous Wild Animals in Great Britain.
Animals (Basel)
May 2024
Born Free Foundation, Frazer House, 14 Carfax, West Sussex RH12 1ER, UK.
We analysed the licences issued by British local government authorities under the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976, which regulates the private keeping of wild animals categorised as "dangerous", to assess the scope and scale of private keeping of dangerous wild animals in Great Britain. Results are compared with historical data from England and Wales, showing that there has been an overall decrease both in the total population of dangerous wild animals privately kept under licence and the number of licences, resulting primarily from a decrease in the farming of wild boar and ostrich, and from certain other species no longer requiring a licence to be kept. Nonetheless, the private keeping of dangerous wild animals remains prevalent, with a total population of 3950 animals kept under licence, and at least one-third of local authorities in Britain licensing keepers of one or more such animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut-tropic T cells and extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmun Rev
September 2024
Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China. Electronic address:
Gut-tropic T cells primarily originate from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and gut-tropic integrins mediate the trafficking of the T cells to the gastrointestinal tract, where their interplay with local hormones dictates the residence of the immune cells in both normal and compromised gastrointestinal tissues. Targeting gut-tropic integrins is an effective therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Gut-tropic T cells are further capable of entering the peripheral circulatory system and relocating to multiple organs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrating Patient Safety Discussions with First-Year Doctor of Pharmacy Students in a Skills Lab Course.
Pharmacy (Basel)
February 2024
Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
The patient safety problem has been well established for over 20 years in the United States (U.S.), and there is a recognized focus on ensuring that health professions' trainees receive explicit education in various patient safety principles and practices.
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