Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Background: Cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive alkylating agent, has been used against breast cancer, lymphoma and myeloid leukemia. Despite various therapeutic uses, its toxic impacts on multiple organs remains to be fully elucidated.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate dose dependent toxic impact of cyclophosphamide on liver, kidney, brain and testis emphasizing serum and tissue biochemical and histological alterations.
Materials And Methods: Experimental design consisted of five groups of albino rats. Group 1-5 were administered vehicle for five consecutive days. On 6 day, group 1 received vehicle only and termed as control; group 2-5 received cyclophosphamide through intraperitoneal route at the rate of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg dose, respectively. After 24 h of the last administration, rats were euthanised; serum and tissue biochemistry; histology, sperm count and its motility were performed.
Results: Serological, biochemical and histological indices exhibited dose dependent deviations from their regular status as a marker of toxicity in liver, kidney, brain and testis. Tukey's HSD post hoc test revealed maximum damage in multiple organs with 200 mg/kg dose of cyclophosphamide.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650506 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfae201 | DOI Listing |
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