A review of the genus (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan.

Species of the genus Cuvier, 1829 (Pempheridae) from Japan and Taiwan are taxonomically reviewed based on morphology supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Ten species are recognized from these countries: Bleeker, 1855, Koeda & Motomura, 2017, Döderlein, 1883, Jordan & Evermann, 1902, Cuvier, 1831, Jordan & Hubbs, 1925, Bleeker, 1877, Koeda, Yoshino & Tachihara, 2013, Cuvier, 1831, Tominaga, 1963. Nine of them are distributed in Japan, and five of them in Taiwan. and , nominal species that have been regarded as invalid are revalidated, redescribed with diagnoses based on examinations of the holotypes and the specimens collected from Japan. is morphologically similar to and has been thought to be a senior synonym of the latter, but the comparison of the holotypes and non-types of both species revealed that the former species is distinguishable from the latter species in having fewer counts of body scales, also genetically supported with a 3.1% mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence. is similar to , but the coloration of their caudal fins is different, and the genetic analysis supported the difference. The distributions of all species of the genus in Japanese waters are also described, based on the specimen localities from literature and new material herein.