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AC Magnetometry Using Nano-ferrofluid Cladded Multimode Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors for Power Grid Monitoring Applications. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The behavior of superparamagnetic nano-ferrofluid in response to AC magnetic fields is determined by two processes, Neel and Brownian relaxation, and can be measured through susceptibility at high frequencies, where relaxation times must be shorter than the magnetic field's time scale.
  • Previous research mostly focused on high frequency responses of ferrofluids for DC magnetic field sensing, while using optical methods for AC sensing has not been fully explored.
  • This study demonstrates the ability of nano-ferrofluid to sense AC magnetic fields up to 15 kHz by optimizing the sensing structure, achieving rapid response times, and confirming its effectiveness for monitoring current and magnetic fields in power grids.

Article Abstract

The AC magnetic field response of the superparamagnetic nano-ferrofluid is an interplay between the Neel and Brownian relaxation processes and is generally quantified via the susceptibility measurements at high frequencies. The high frequency limit is dictated by these relaxation times which need to be shorter than the time scale of the time varying magnetic field for the nano-ferrofluid to be considered in an equilibrium state at each time instant. Even though the high frequency response of ferrofluid has been extensively investigated for frequencies up to GHz range by non-optical methods, harnessing dynamic response by optical means for AC magnetic field sensing in fiber-optic-based sensors-field remains unexplored. Instead, the incorporation of nano-ferrofluid as sensing materials has been only limited to DC magnetic field sensing, often citing their long response time as a limiting factor to AC field sensing. This work reports the finding of high frequency (up to 15 kHz) AC magnetic field sensing capability of nanomagnetic fluid as the cladding material of a fiber-optic multimode interferometry (MMI) structure optimized for the fourth self-imaging spectral response. The key parameter enabling high frequency response is the short response time (<1 ms) achieved by optimizing both the sensing structure and nano-ferrofluid solution. Focus has been imparted on 60 Hz line-frequency profiles of various current/magnetic fields to test the efficacy of these sensors in metering and monitoring current and current-induced magnetic fields in the electrical power grid systems. The magnetic field sensitivity of 240 mV/Gauss per dBm of transmitted power was achieved for 60 Hz field applied via Helmholtz coil, whereas the 60 Hz AC current sensitivity of 2.83 mV/A was measured due to magnetic field induced by current in a straight conducting wire.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650606PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04912DOI Listing

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