Chronic Noninfectious Osteomyelitis: A Review of Imaging Findings.

Indian J Radiol Imaging

Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Published: January 2025

AI Article Synopsis

  • Chronic noninfectious osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disorder primarily seen in children and is diagnosed through a combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging techniques.
  • Whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) is the key diagnostic tool, as it helps detect the disease, rule out other conditions like infections and tumors, and assess the extent of bone involvement.
  • Recent advancements in identifying specific patterns on WBMRI enable more accurate and quicker diagnoses, and the imaging is also useful for monitoring treatment response over time.

Article Abstract

Chronic noninfectious osteomyelitis or chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, is an autoinflammatory bone disorder primarily affecting the pediatric age group. Currently, it is diagnosed on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and follow-up of CNO with whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) being the main modality. Radiographs assist in exclusion of common differential diagnoses like infections and malignancy. WBMRI aids in disease detection and exclusion of differential diagnoses, identifies additional lesions, and has a role in ascertaining the pattern of bony involvement which helps with prognostication and grading. Recent recognition of specific morphological and distribution patterns on WBMRI is increasingly allowing an upfront diagnosis of this entity to be made on imaging alone. It is also helpful for assessment of response to therapy during follow-up. This review aims to summarize the role of imaging in the evaluation of CNO, with special emphasis on WBMRI in its assessment.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651854PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1790238DOI Listing

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