Background: Exposure to illicit substances during pregnancy may have long-term impacts on children's neurodevelopment. This study explores subsequent risks for intellectual disability, autistic disorders, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in children born to mothers exposed to illicit substances before or during pregnancy.
Methods: We identified women with illicit drug use by linking the police records from the "Substance Abuse Control Databases" and Taiwan Birth Registration and Birth Notification records from 2004 to 2014. Children whose mothers that had exposed to illicit substances during pregnancy identified from the police records were the "substance-exposed cohort." A 1:1 ratio exact-matched comparison cohort based on child's gender, child's birth year, mother's birth year, and child's first use of the health insurance card, as well as a "propensity score (PS)-matched" comparison cohort of children born by substance-unexposed mothers, was established. Multivariate Cox regression analyses with competing risk models were performed.
Results: Higher incidences of intellectual disability (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-5.03) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (aHR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.63-3.28) were found in children prenatally exposed to illicit substances during pregnancy compared to exact-matched non-exposed cohorts. Adjusted risks of ADHD were significantly higher in mothers exposed to substances during pregnancy (aHR = 1.77 (1.42-2.21)) and before pregnancy (aHR = 1.43 (1.14-1.80)) compared to PS-matched unexposed cohorts after adjusting for covariates.
Conclusions: This is one of the first studies using large population-based data linked to criminal records to reveal increased risks of intellectual disability and ADHD in children with prenatal exposure to illicit substances compared to matched unexposed controls. Our results also highlight the importance of preventive measures and interventions for the well-being of both the mother and the child.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656950 | PMC |
Introduction: The present study evaluated the association between drug use and erosive dental wear in prisoners.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical research carried out in Southern Brazil. Data collection took place through the application of questionnaires and clinical examination.
Int J Drug Policy
December 2024
School of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of Exeter, UK. FF16, Byrne House, Streatham Drive, Exeter, EX4 4AP, UK. Electronic address:
Background: Existing research highlights an increase in psychedelic microdosing, particularly for therapeutic purposes and as a means for self-enhancement. However, we know little about the different routes into and out of microdosing, particularly by those who do not consume other illicit substances, and of the processes involved in the development, maintenance, and cessation of practices.
Methods: Drawing upon a trans-national interview-based study of 23 participants actively microdosing (n = 19), about to start (n = 3), or who were past users (n = 1), we develop a phased-based analysis of different user pathways.
Harm Reduct J
December 2024
Drug and Alcohol Research Network, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 1NN, UK.
Background: Protecting individual anonymity is a common practice in harm reduction (HR), as it can mitigate the fears that may prevent people from accessing services. Protecting anonymity usually means applying for services with a pseudonym. However, anonymity protection practices have diversified in current HR environments, for example, on the streets or in the Tor network, which relies on technology to guarantee exceptionally strong anonymity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chromatogr A
December 2024
Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission-China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, PR China Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address:
Wastewater analysis technology has emerged as a promising tool for monitoring illicit drug consumption. However, the current reliance on the solid-phase extraction (SPE) pre-treatment method presents significant challenges for widespread adoption and high-throughput monitoring, as it consumes a large amount of time and labor as well as requires specialized instruments. This study has developed a direct injection (DI) technique for UPLC-MS/MS, enabling the detection of 77 compounds encompassing metabolites of human biomarkers, illicit drugs, and new psychoactive substances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Affect Disord
December 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, Section of Psychiatry, Federico II University of Naples, Italy; Staff UNESCO - Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development at Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Introduction: The Russo-Ukrainian War (RUW) poses a significant mental health burden, warranting a scoping review of the evidence to shed light on the unmet needs.
Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE databases were inquired from inception until September 1st, 2023, to address the following a-priori-formulated questions: i) "Which psychiatric population has been assessed? How did the conflict affect the functioning of people with established mental health conditions (e.g.
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