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Background: hucMSC-exosomes can be engineered to strengthen their therapeutic potential, and the present study aimed to explore whether hypoxic preconditioning can enhance the angiogenic potential of hucMSC-exosomes in an experimental model of POF.

Methods: Primary hucMSCs and ROMECs were isolated from fresh tissue samples and assessed through a series of experiments. Exosomes were isolated from hucMSCs under normoxic or hypoxic conditions (norm-Exos and hypo-Exos, respectively) and then characterized using classic experimental methods.

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Background: The prognosis of multiple myeloma involving the central nervous system (CNS-MM) is poor. We report outcomes of CNS-MM treated with CNS-directed radiation therapy (RT).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with CNS-MM treated with CNS-directed RT from 2015 to 2024.

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Pluripotent stem cells provide opportunities for treating injuries and previously incurable diseases. A major concern is the immunogenicity of stem cells and their progeny. Here, we have dissected the molecular mechanisms that allow natural killer (NK) cells to respond to human pluripotent stem cells, investigating a wide selection of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors and their ligands.

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Protocol for generating human craniofacial cartilage organoids from stem-cell-derived neural crest cells.

STAR Protoc

December 2024

Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. Electronic address:

Here, we present a protocol to generate craniofacial cartilage organoids from human stem cells via neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). We describe steps for inducing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to form NCSCs using sequential treatments of small molecules and growth factors and isolating NCSCs by magnetic bead sorting. We then detail procedures for defining conditions where NCSCs migrate together and self-organize into craniofacial cartilage organoids.

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Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells represents a promising strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, reprogramming of somatic cells and their subsequent neural differentiation is complex and time-consuming, thereby impeding autologous applications. Recently, direct transcription factor-based conversion of blood cells into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) has emerged as a potential alternative.

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