The optical properties of lobed palisade mesophyll cells remain poorly understood despite their presence in diverse taxa and the critical role of the palisade layer in leaf-light interactions and carbon assimilation. Using micro-computed tomography, 3D ray tracing simulations, and physiological experiments, we tested the interactions between palisade cell geometry, chloroplast localization, light directional quality, and leaf optical and photosynthetic performance in the model taxon Viburnum. Simulations showed that lobed cells shifted between absorptance- or transmittance-dominated states depending on chloroplast localization, irrespective of light directional quality. In contrast, columnar palisade optics were driven by light directional quality, with absorptance-dominated properties under diffuse light and transmittance-dominated properties under direct light, irrespective of chloroplast localization. Lobed palisade cells in planta were less densely packed yet more productive on a per cell basis than columnar palisade cells, resulting in interspecific conservation of maximum carbon assimilation rate per unit leaf tissue. For the Viburnum species studied, our results indicate a 'many-to-one' mapping of multiple palisade cell forms to a common rate of photosynthetic productivity per unit tissue. This work highlights the dynamic relationship between palisade mesophyll form and function and informs the anatomical basis of plant carbon assimilation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiae659 | DOI Listing |
Plant Physiol
December 2024
School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
The optical properties of lobed palisade mesophyll cells remain poorly understood despite their presence in diverse taxa and the critical role of the palisade layer in leaf-light interactions and carbon assimilation. Using micro-computed tomography, 3D ray tracing simulations, and physiological experiments, we tested the interactions between palisade cell geometry, chloroplast localization, light directional quality, and leaf optical and photosynthetic performance in the model taxon Viburnum. Simulations showed that lobed cells shifted between absorptance- or transmittance-dominated states depending on chloroplast localization, irrespective of light directional quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Plant Physiol
December 2024
College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China; Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Southern Tree Inspection Center National Forestry Administration, 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China. Electronic address:
Seed germination is a pivotal stage in the plant life cycle, with endosperm weakening and radicle elongation serving as crucial prerequisites for successful endospermic seed germination. Tilia henryana seeds exhibit deep dormancy, necessitating a period of 2-3 years to germinate in a natural environment, and the germination rate is extremely low. This study employed morphological and physiological approaches to dynamically analyzing the hydrological mechanism and the endosperm weakening process during the dormancy release of T.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Vis Sci Technol
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Purpose: To demonstrate that high-seed, ultra-high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technology can image in vivo fine morphological features in the healthy and pathological human limbus.
Methods: A compact, fiberoptic SD-OCT system was developed for imaging the human limbus. It combines ∼1.
Heliyon
December 2024
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
Pulmonary metastasis of ameloblastoma is a rare associated with the histopathologically plexiform types of ameloblastoma. In this report, we present an exceptionally rare case of pulmonary metastatic ameloblastoma without local recurrence, emerging 12 years post-initial resection. A female patient, initially diagnosed with mandibular desmoplastic ameloblastoma, revealed masses in both lung fields of the lung on chest radiography, while chest computed tomography revealed more than 10 nodules in both lungs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
Human peroxisomal biogenesis disorders of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum affect skeletal development and induce tooth malformations. Whereas several peroxisomal knockout mouse studies elucidated the pathogenesis of skeletal defects, little information is available on how dental pathologies arise in peroxisomal biogenesis disorder patients. To understand the impact of severe peroxisomal dysfunction on early odontogenesis, here we performed morphometric studies on developing molars of new-born Pex11b knockout mice.
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