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Behavioral contagion is widespread in primates, with yawn contagion (YC) being a well-known example. Often associated with ingroup dynamics and synchronization, the possible functions and evolutionary pathways of YC remain subjects of active debate. Among nonhuman animals, geladas (Theropithecus gelada) are the only species known to occasionally emit a distinct vocalization while yawning. Yet, the role of different sensory modalities in YC remains poorly understood. Due to their social and communicative complexity, geladas serve as an excellent model for investigating the effects of multimodality and social factors on behavioral contagion. Here we studied a large zoo-housed colony of geladas (103 subjects, 1422 yawns) and confirm the previous evidence for visual and auditory YC. Hearing, seeing, or hearing and seeing yawns significantly triggered contagious yawning at comparable levels. Additionally, we found no evidence of laterality influencing responses based on the side of detection. While the social bond, measured via grooming, between the trigger and receiver did not correlate with YC, a consistent sex effect emerged. Females responded more frequently to female than to male yawns and were more likely to match modality (i.e., vocalized vs. nonvocalized) and mirror morphology of other females' yawns. Effective female-female communication and affiliation are crucial for maintaining cohesion and fostering strong intra-unit relationships among geladas. Our results underscore the importance of different sensory components in the distribution of YC, particularly for species living in complex social systems. These findings raise further questions about the functional and emotional significance of yawning and potential inter-sexual differences, suggesting that the phenomenon is more complex than previously thought.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23709 | DOI Listing |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652820 | PMC |
Am J Primatol
January 2025
Unit of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Paris, Italy.
Behavioral contagion is widespread in primates, with yawn contagion (YC) being a well-known example. Often associated with ingroup dynamics and synchronization, the possible functions and evolutionary pathways of YC remain subjects of active debate. Among nonhuman animals, geladas (Theropithecus gelada) are the only species known to occasionally emit a distinct vocalization while yawning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
November 2024
Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Human Biology & Primate Cognition, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Behavioral contagion is thought to play a significant role in social synchronization and coordination across animal taxa. While there is extensive evidence of behavioral contagion in Haplorrhines (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Psychobiol
September 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.
Infants' nonverbal expressions-a broad smile or a sharp cry-are powerful at eliciting reactions. Although parents' reactions to their own infants' expressions are relatively well understood, here we studied whether adults more generally exhibit behavioral and physiological reactions to unfamiliar infants producing various expressions. We recruited U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Primatol
October 2024
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
Contagious yawning (CY)-linked to physiological synchronization and possibly emotional contagion-occurs when one individual's yawn induces yawning in others. CY was investigated over different time windows (minutes from the triggering stimulus) via naturalistic or experimental studies (using real and video yawns, respectively) with contrasting results, especially in bonobos. We verified whether in bonobos result divergences may derive from different methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimates
July 2024
Unit of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Alessandro Volta 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
In the last decade, increasing attention has been devoted to exploring some aspects of yawning in non-human animals. With their chin red mark, bony paranasal swellings, male large brains and long canines, drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus) offer a robust model for testing hypotheses on the phenomenon. We identified two yawn variants (covered, Y and uncovered teeth, Y) which differ in terms of recruitment of muscular action units (AUs).
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