AI Article Synopsis
- HTLV-1 is linked to serious health issues like Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and HAM/TSP; thus, screening potential organ donors for the virus is vital due to high transmission risks, particularly in kidney transplant recipients.
- A study at the Iranian Tissue Bank from 2014 to 2021 found that 3% of 3,814 potential organ/tissue donors tested positive for HTLV-1, with rates significantly dropping from 6% to 0.5% over the years.
- Females showed a higher positivity rate (4%) than males (2%), and donors with brain death had a much lower infection rate (0.2%) compared to those with circulatory death (4%).
Article Abstract
Background: Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with serious disorders, including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In addition to sexual, vertical, parenteral, and blood transfusion, organ/tissue transplantation is considered as a transmission route of HTLV infection. Given the substantial risk of HTLV-1 transmission and the subsequent development of HAM/TSP (approximately 40%) in kidney transplant recipients, pre-transplant donor screening is crucial. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HTLV-1 in potential organ/tissue donors referred to the Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center (ITBRC).
Materials And Methods: The study population was potential organ and/or tissue donors referred to ITBRC between 2014 and 2021, including two groups of brain death (potential donors of organs and/or tissues) and circulatory death donors (potential tissue donors from Iranian Legal Medicine Organization). Initial screening was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and positive cases were confirmed for HTLV-1 infection with polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: 111 out of 3,814 donors were positive for HTLV-1 (3%). The rate of positive tests between 2014 and 2017 was 6%, which was significantly higher than the positive tests percentage between 2017 and 2021 with 0.5% (P-value < 0.001). The rate of test positivity in females was 4% compared to 2% in males (P-value = 0.001). Furthermore, individuals diagnosed with brain death exhibited a significantly lower likelihood of HTLV-1 infection (0.2%) compared to cases with circulatory death (4%) (P-value < 0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the contraindication of organ/tissue donation from donors with HTLV-1 positive test, these findings give an insight into the prevalence of HTLV-1 among potential organ/tissue donors in Iran. Moreover, the higher prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in circulatory death donors from Iranian Legal Medicine Organization urges for cautious evaluation in these donors.
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|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12977-024-00656-9 | DOI Listing |
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650840 | PMC |
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