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Catalysts for sulfur: understanding the intricacies of enzymes orchestrating plant sulfur anabolism. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The review focuses on the role of sulfur transporters, key enzymes, and their genes in plant sulfur anabolism, detailing their chemistry, location, and regulation in sulfur assimilation pathways.
  • It emphasizes major enzymes like ATP sulfurylase, APS reductase, and cysteine synthase, which are vital for activating sulfate and synthesizing important metabolites like cysteine.
  • The review also discusses how these enzymes are regulated by factors like environmental stress, sulfate availability, and phytohormones, highlighting the importance of understanding sulfur metabolism for plant health and adaptation.

Article Abstract

This review highlights the sulfur transporters, key enzymes and their encoding genes involved in plant sulfur anabolism, focusing on their occurrence, chemistry, location, function, and regulation within sulfur assimilation pathways. Sulfur, a vital element for plant life, plays diverse roles in metabolism and stress response. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sulfur assimilation pathway in plants, highlighting the intricate network of enzymes and their regulatory mechanisms. The primary focus is on the key enzymes involved: ATP sulfurylase (ATPS), APS reductase (APR), sulfite reductase (SiR), serine acetyltransferase (SAT), and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OAS-TL). ATPS initiates the process by activating sulfate to form APS, which is then reduced to sulfite by APR. SiR further reduces sulfite to sulfide, a crucial step that requires significant energy. The cysteine synthase complex (CSC), formed by SAT and OAS-TL, facilitates the synthesis of cysteine, thereby integrating serine metabolism with sulfur assimilation. The alternative sulfation pathway, catalyzed by APS kinase and sulfotransferases, is explored for its role in synthesizing essential secondary metabolites. This review also delves into the regulatory mechanism of these enzymes such as environmental stresses, sulfate availability, phytohormones, as well as translational and post-translational regulations. Understanding the key transporters and enzymes in sulfur assimilation pathways and their corresponding regulation mechanisms can help researchers grasp the importance of sulfur anabolism for the life cycle of plants, clarify how these enzymes and their regulatory processes are integrated to balance plant life systems in response to changes in both external conditions and intrinsic signals.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04594-wDOI Listing

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