Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
This study explores the nonlinear optical (NLO) and photophysical properties of newly designed naphthyridine derivatives by density functional theory (DFT). The first hyperpolarizability (β), a key indicator of NLO activity, varies significantly depending on the substituent groups. N-substituted compounds (IUB-N series) generally show lower β values, while compounds with electron donor/acceptor groups (IUB-P series) demonstrate a broader range, with IUB-A-02 achieving the highest β value of 16,362 a.u. due to the presence of two -NH groups. TD-DFT analysis confirms key electronic transitions, mostly from HOMO to LUMO, with absorption wavelengths (λmax) ranging from 349.596 to 440.692 nm for the IUB-P series. The introduction of electron-donor groups considerably boosts absorption, particularly in IUB-P-06, with highest λ and oscillator strength (f) signifying excellent light absorption capabilities. The calculated light harvesting efficiency (LHE) correlates strongly with f values, IUB-N-01 to IUB-N-05 exhibiting higher LHE than the unsubstituted IUB. Additionally, lower radiative lifetimes (τ) for the modified compounds indicate faster decay, useful for applications in photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging. Lower transition energy (ΔE) and higher f values contributed to greater first hyperpolarizability (β). IUB-P-06, with two -NH donor groups, shows the lowest ΔE (2.81 eV) and a correspondingly high β (60218.89 a.u.). Whereas IUB-A-02 exhibits the highest β (68907.84 a.u.) due to its large dipole moment change (Δμ = -6.37 D). Among N-substituted compounds, IUB-N-01 exhibits the highest charge density. IUB-P-06 has the highest charge density and electron-hole separation due to electron donor/acceptor groups, indicating a higher degree of internal atomic localization. This enhanced charge separation further confirms the superior performance of these compounds in NLO applications. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis spanning ESP, TD-DFT, TLM, LHE, and TDM demonstrates that the studied naphthyridine derivatives possess promising NLO properties and exhibit strong potential for use in optoelectronics, photovoltaics, photodynamic therapy, and other advanced optical technologies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2024.125582 | DOI Listing |
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