Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It leads to the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the axons of which form the optic nerve. Enormous RGC apoptosis causes a lack of transfer of visual information to the brain. The RGC loss typical of the central nervous system is irreversible, and when glaucoma progresses, the total amount of RGCs in the retina enormously diminishes. The successful treatment in glaucoma patients is a direct neuroprotection by decreasing the intraocular pressure, which enables RGC protection but does not revive the lost ones. The intriguing new therapy for advanced glaucoma is the possibility of RGC replacement with new healthy cells. In this review article, the strategies regarding RGC replacement therapy are presented with the latest advances in the technique and the obstacles that it meets.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237204 | DOI Listing |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11642712 | PMC |
Acta Neuropathol Commun
December 2024
Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
The accumulation of abnormal phosphorylated Tau protein (pTau) in neurons of the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PTau pathology also occurs in the retina of AD cases. Accordingly, questions arise whether retinal pTau can act as a potential seed for inducing cerebral pTau pathology and whether retinal pTau pathology causes degeneration of retinal neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neural Eng
December 2024
Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES.
Objective: Neural interfaces are designed to evoke specific patterns of electrical activity in populations of neurons by stimulating with many electrodes. However, currents passed simultaneously through multiple electrodes often combine nonlinearly to drive neural responses, making evoked responses difficult to predict and control. This response nonlinearity could arise from the interaction of many excitable sites in each cell, any of which can produce a spike.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Neurol
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine.
Purpose Of Review: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial DNA disease characterised by sequential bilateral vision loss due to loss of retinal ganglion cells. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the results of recent clinical trials for LHON, focusing on studies of idebenone and lenadogene nolparvovec gene therapy.
Recent Findings: Evidence from three clinical studies (RHODOS, RHODOS-OFU, and LEROS) suggest that idebenone should be started early and continued for at least 24 months.
Curr Opin Neurol
December 2024
Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery.
Purpose Of Review: This article explores the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neurology practice, particularly in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as papilledema, optic neuritis, and retinal artery occlusion. OCT has been increasingly utilized as a noninvasive and effective tool for detecting and monitoring neuroaxonal damage in the visual pathway, which is important for early intervention and improved patient outcomes across a variety of neurologic conditions.
Recent Findings: OCT as an imaging modality continues to demonstrate its utility in quantifying optic nerve and retinal changes reflecting neuroaxonal injury, including, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell layer thickness (or volume).
Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
Introduction: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration. In a recent study, we reported co-existing optic disc drusen (ODD) at 30%, a prevalence 15 times higher than in the general population. The aims of this study were to a) assess if macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLt) was increased in our cohort of RP patients and b) compare RNFLt between RP patients with and without ODD.
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