AI Article Synopsis
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor categorized as Grade 4 by the WHO, with established risk factors including genetic syndromes, body mass index, and certain medications.
- Vascular issues such as thrombosis are common in GBM, and podoplanin (PDPN) plays a significant role in tumor progression by enhancing platelet activity and cancer cell metastasis.
- PDPN is suggested as an independent prognostic factor for GBM, as its expression is linked to worse outcomes, with recent studies indicating its involvement in the development of more aggressive cancer stem cells.
Article Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor categorized as a Grade 4 astrocytic glioma by the World Health Organization (WHO). Some of the established risk factors of GBM include inherited genetic syndromes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and therapeutic ionizing radiation. Vascular anomalies, including local and peripheral thrombosis, are common features of GBM. Podoplanin (PDPN), a ligand of the C-type lectin receptor (CLEC-2), promotes platelet activation, aggregation, venous thromboembolism (VTE), lymphatic vessel formation, and tumor metastasis in GBM patients. It is regulated by Prox1 and is expressed in developing and adult mammalian brains. It was initially identified on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) as the E11 antigen and on fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) of lymphoid organs and thymic epithelial cells as gp38. In recent research studies, its expression has been linked with prognosis in GBM. PDPN-expressing cancer cells are highly pernicious, with a mutant aptitude to form stem cells. Such cells, on colocalization to the surrounding tissues, transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cells, contributing to the malignant carcinogenesis of GBM. PDPN can be used as an independent prognostic factor in GBM, and this review provides strong preclinical and clinical evidence supporting these claims.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11639870 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16234051 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor categorized as Grade 4 by the WHO, with established risk factors including genetic syndromes, body mass index, and certain medications.
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- PDPN is suggested as an independent prognostic factor for GBM, as its expression is linked to worse outcomes, with recent studies indicating its involvement in the development of more aggressive cancer stem cells.
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