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Efficacy of CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy is dependent on IL-21 signaling to mediate cytotoxic reprogramming of PD-1CD8 T cells.
Nat Immunol
January 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
The mechanisms underlying the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) therapy are incompletely understood. Here, by immune profiling responding PD-1CD8 T (T) cell populations from patients with advanced melanoma, we identified differential programming of T cells in response to combination therapy, from an exhausted toward a more cytotoxic effector program. This effect does not occur with anti-PD-1 monotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrs. Weber and Liao reply.
J Rheumatol
December 2024
Katherine P. Liao, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Effects of Ethanol Locks on Burst Pressure for Small Caliber Nonpower Injectable Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters.
Pediatr Crit Care Med
November 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
Changes in Self-Reported Mask Use After the Lifting of State-Issued Mask Mandates in 20 US States, February-June 2021.
J Public Health Manag Pract
September 2024
CDC COVID-19 Response, Monitoring and Evaluation Team (Mss Ajiboye, Howard-Williams, Vo, and Weber, Mr McCord, Mr Sunshine, Drs Dunphy, Ladva, and Robinson), Office of Public Health Law Services (Mr Sunshine), and Division of Global HIV & TB, Global Health Center (Ms Ajiboye), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA and Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health (Mr Gakh), University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Objective: In April 2020, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended community masking to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Since then, a total of 39 US states and DC issued mask mandates. Despite CDC recommendations and supporting evidence that masking reduces COVID-19 community transmission, from January to June 20, 2021 states lifted their mask mandates for all individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFErgonomics in Dermatologic Laser Procedures.
J Clin Aesthet Dermatol
August 2024
Drs. Yale, Gruschak, Lee, and Kelly are with the University of California, Irvine Department of Dermatology in Irvine, California.
Due to working in static positions and use of repetitive movements over long periods of time, dermatologists are at increased risk of work-related musculoskeletal injury. Historically, studies on procedural ergonomics have focused on dermatologic surgery, however, laser procedures can also have a significant cumulative effect on physician posture. Here, we aim to highlight ergonomic challenges specific to dermatologic laser procedures and suggest areas of improvement in operating room organization, patient positioning, physician mechanics, and instrumentation.
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