Conservative Treatment of Retrograde Aortic Dissection after Endovascular or Hybrid repair of descending aorta pathologies.

Ann Vasc Surg

Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli I.R.C.C.S, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy; Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli I.R.C.C.S., 00168,Rome, Italy.

Published: December 2024

Background: Retrograde type A dissection (RTAD) represents a rare but possible lethal complication of thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Intervention is often recommended but conservative management has been advocated in selected cases.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature through MedLine and Cochrane databases over the last 24 years to identify reported cases of RTAD managed conservatively. Primary endpoint was the overall and aortic-related mortality, the morbidity and need for intervention during follow-up. The underlining causes and indications for conservative management were also investigated. (Protocol on Prospero CDR RD42024542966) RESULTS: A total of 2305 papers identified, and 10 articles were included (20 cases). Reasons for conservative treatment were age(n=8,40%) and/or haemodynamic stability(n=16,80%) and/or unfitness for surgery(n=12,60%). Causes of RTAD were fragile aortic wall in acute type B aortic dissection (n=10,50%), Marfan syndrome (n=2, 10%), use of stents with proximal barbs/bare springs (n=5, 25%), diameter of the ascending aorta>40 mm(n=2, 10%), and intraoperative type IA endoleak (n=2, 10%). Three patients (15%) were lost at follow-up immediately after discharge; one(5%) died in-hospital from aortic rupture. At a mean follow-up of 33.5 months (range 9-60), overall survival was 88.2%(n=15/17and aortic-related mortality (n=2/20). No complications nor interventions during the follow-up period were reported.

Conclusion: Mortality rate following RTAD is high and surgery allow improve survival. Conservative management might represent a viable option for selected patients. However, current evidence is poor and needs to be validated by further and more robust data before such a strategy could be suggested more widely.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2024.11.099DOI Listing

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