Actin is one of the most widespread and most conserved proteins. At the same time, six actin isoforms are known, encoded by different genes. These isoforms differ slightly in amino acid sequence and have similar structures, but differ in localization and functioning. During functioning, actin interacts with a large number of proteins, which are combined according to this feature into a pool of so-called actin-binding proteins. The question arises whether and how the proteins interacting with different actin isoforms differ. Since the pool of actin-binding proteins includes hundreds of proteins, it was logical to use bioinformatics analysis to solve the questions. In this work, it is shown that the functionality of the α-, β-, and γ-actin interactomes differ significantly, but their structural characteristics are close.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.151165 | DOI Listing |
Anim Cells Syst (Seoul)
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
βPix is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rac1 and Cdc42 small GTPases, which play important roles in dendritic spine morphogenesis by modulating actin cytoskeleton organization. The formation and plasticity of the dendritic spines are essential for normal brain function. Among the alternatively spliced βPix isoforms, βPix-b and βPix-d are expressed specifically in neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructure
January 2025
Molecular Microbiology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. Electronic address:
The core component of the actin cytoskeleton is the globular protein G-actin, which reversibly polymerizes into filaments (F-actin). Budding yeast possesses a single actin that shares 87%-89% sequence identity with vertebrate actin isoforms. Previous structural studies indicate very close overlap of main-chain backbones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Sci
January 2025
Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
Various N-terminal tags have often been used to identify the functions and localization of Rab small GTPases, but their impact on Rab proteins themselves has been poorly investigated. Here, we used a knockout (KO)-rescue approach to systematically evaluate the effect of N-terminal tagging of two Rabs, Rab10 and Rab27A, on Rab10-KO HeLa cells and Rab27A-deficient melanocytes (melan-ash cells), respectively. The results showed that all of the N-terminal-tagged Rab27A proteins mediated actin-based melanosome transport in the melan-ash cells, but none of the N-terminal-tagged Rab10 proteins fully rescued the defect in tubular endosome formation in the Rab10-KO cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
Auditory hair cells form precise and sensitive staircase-like actin protrusions known as stereocilia. These specialized microvilli detect deflections induced by sound through the activation of mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channels located at their tips. At rest, a small MET channel current results in a constant calcium influx which regulates the morphology of the actin cytoskeleton in the shorter 'transducing' stereocilia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Scientific Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
A growing body of evidence suggests that actin plays a role in nuclear architecture, genome organisation, and regulation. Our study of human lung adenocarcinoma cells demonstrates that the equilibrium between actin isoforms affects the composition of the nuclear lamina, which in turn influences nuclear stiffness and cellular behaviour. The downregulation of β-actin resulted in an increase in nuclear area, accompanied by a decrease in A-type lamins and an enhancement in lamin B2.
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